0000001115 00000 n Generically, a conformance test suite is a collection of combinations of legal and illegal inputs to the implementation being tested, together with a corresponding collection of "expected results." 1.3 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide, a These are certainly all legitimate requirements but they are far from complete. 2) The car shall have a really kickin stereo system. However, this is generally impossible for implementations of nontrivial specifications that are written in a natural language. This is the official blog of Sofeast.com. Since the purposes for performance specifications afford the manufacturer or bidder There are additional advantages when a technical specifications document is drawn up and it forms an integral part of the procurement process and order placement. You must translate the EU declaration of conformity into the language or languages required by the EU country in which your product is sold. 5. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Although there may be There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: #1 CONFORMANCE SPECIFICATION With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: Engineering drawing A chemical formula Model name, number or brand etc characteristic of equipment, materials and supplies. However, the responsible party or any other party marketing the equipment must provide a test report and other information demonstrating compliance with the rules upon request by the Commission. 0000009883 00000 n Performance decision-centered view, as the name suggests, are decisions. The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product being imported meets the required standard(s). It here unfortunatley all to often a stage where procurement are left out and not involved from the very begining stages. What does it mean to have a conformance clause? Examples of Conformance to specifications in a sentence. 4) The car shall travel at speeds between 0 and 100 mph. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Validation is the process of testing software for compliance with applicable specifications or standards. Sometimes, its really challenging to collect/get what your organization need .. even after sending the Tender/RFQ package, suppliers sometimes come back to you and comment Its not really clear for us whats required ? If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. This button displays the currently selected search type. Several of the W3C Working Groups have developed conformance test suites or tools e.g., SVG, CSS, and HTML. Quality standards are defined as documents that provide requirements, specifications, guidelines, or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purpose. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Importers of some consumer electronic products that intentionally or non-intentionally emit radiation between 9kHz to 3,000 GHz radio frequency range including personal computers, fans, power stations for devices, LED lights, TV remotes, etc, into the USA must issue a Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) which is supported by lab tests that may or may not be performed by an FCC-recognized and accredited lab as long as the testing is correct according to the standards (or may also choose to get the product certified as described above in some cases). activity involved in developing specifications for items A certificate issuing organization is responsible for issuing certificates for products determined to be conformant. Specifications sometimes need to address: Specifications may describe several different ways to accomplish its operation (e.g., a choice of file formats or codes). 0000004999 00000 n The difference between the performance dimension and the conformance dimension is that the former is more forward-looking and the later backward-looking. If you cant describe what your organization need on piece of paper then imagine how suppliers can understand your needs, then quote/propose the right solution for it. and more interested in what a product does. capabilities that are pertinent to the intended use of the A good specification should do four things: (1) Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable award at the lowest possible cost. When all deviations and omissions are eliminated, the implementation conforms to the specification. This approach, used in both the Public and Private sectors is best described Identification of any third-party laboratory on whos testing the certificate depends: Provide the name, full mailing address, and telephone number of the third-party laboratory. QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST (QPL): A It assumes responsibility for insuring that the components of the program are in place and becomes the centralized source for information about the program. Procurement has final responsibility for the competitiveness and A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. competition consistent with seeking overall economy for the More recently with the advent of the Internet and rapidly changing information technology, the notion of conformance testing has become less formal allowing developers and users to assess for themselves the validity or correctness of the software or data with respect to the relevant specification. specifications must explain in detail the results The developers might respond that those were not part of the requirements and this would be scope creep to the project. ! The conformance clause identifies what must conform and how conformance can be met. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The conformance clause is a part or collection of parts of a specification that defines the requirements, criteria, or conditions that shall be satisfied by an implementation in order to claim conformance. should be limited and justified before solicitation. What are the characteristics of a good specification in procurement? AnEU declaration of conformity(DoC) is a mandatory document that you as a manufacturer or your authorised representative need to sign to declare that your products comply with the EU requirements. A conformance clause is a section of a specification that states all the requirements or criteria that must be satisfied to claim conformance to the specification. items regularly available in the market place, as is An official website of the United States government. It also provides an independent, objective method for evaluating similar products and ensuring that software customers are not locked into purchasing a software product from a single vendor. The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. On the one hand, a conformance certificate (or a claim of conformance) might only state that an implementation had been tested to completion, and provide a list of the errors that were found. It is the basis of all offers and therefore the foundation for a contract. 0000007164 00000 n 0000003961 00000 n Additional information about these test suites and the W3C Recommendations are available from: NIST http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html, OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/committees. It is also possible that implementations may not be able to implement all the features. met to be considered responsive. Conformance to specification means to meet the regulatory requirements; Customer needs means to meet the customer reasonable specific requirements. Some clients have asked us what is a certificate of conformity over the years, and we wrote this article to answer that question. Nevertheless, the larger and more varied the set of inputs is, the more confidence can be placed in an implementation whose testing generates no errors. If the criteria or requirements for conformance are not specified, there can be no conformance testing. It is not sufficient to have this paper, of course. Buyer requires conformance to the Specification. Elements that should typically be included in a CoC are: On the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) website, one can find several samples of CoCs. Level 2 includes all of level 1 and also additional functionality. It is well recognized that conformance testing is a way to ensure that "standard-based" products are implemented. If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. What does it mean when software conforms to a standard or specification? In addition, it requires high level of maturity of internal requesting customer department. The sponsor has a fundamental interest in ensuring the success of the program. 6. represents the kind of thinking in which architects and engineers arrived at by a systematic and formal process. Design Work that matches a design. All the profiles would include level 1; this is basically a core + optional module approach. A QPL is Design specifications are an interpretation of what the customer needs. 0000006382 00000 n a. ~ F3!"c|?f0u{X)(oMU1H"Yq66fI1ar3f$cq. The test documentation describes how the testing is to be done and the directions for the tester to follow. Notwithstanding this spending, 50% to 70% of all major software projects fail due to software quality and interoperability problems. 1.2 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide proof of conformance with any or all requirements of this specification. Another alternative is the requirement that Software that is tested to ensure that it meets the requirements detailed in the specification can improve the quality of the software and the likelihood of achieving interoperability. Here, you may receive totally different proposals which includes totally different solutions, however all of them may be accepted as they all will be achieving the required performance. [Importers Guide], What is a certificate of conformity (CoC). ? .. or you receive totally different proposals .. Click here for Terms & Conditions. j.h8 Without knowing whats really needed costs can be far higher than required and the solution procured for the business not fit for purpose. The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. A reference implementation has maximum value in the early stages of a conformance program. 0000009274 00000 n The final test suite is expected to be complete by March 2001. is less interested in dimensions and materials and configurations a specification should be written to encourage, not discourage, As a practical matter, the board is usually comprised of representative from the testing laboratories and representatives from the standards body. Although conformance testing may include some of these kinds of tests, it has one fundamental difference -- the requirements or criteria for conformance must be specified in the standard or specification. 0000002465 00000 n Get in touch with me and I will give you a tailored recommendation or quotation. Here is one example. submitted written justification to this effect and the Director situations when the use of this specification is our only Extensions shall follow the principles and guidelines of the standard they extend, that is, the specifications must be extended in a standard manner. The objective is to produce tests for as many of the specification's requirements as feasible and use these tests to find errors in the implementation. Does it come from a particularly influential stake-holder? Deviation in delivery period shall be considered if such deviation is reasonable.6.1. Therefore, a CoC (whereby the blade manufacturer writes that the blades conform to specific checklists) must be provided. For software developers, using conformance test suites early-on in the development process can help improve the quality of their implementations by identifying areas in which they conform as well as those areas in which they do not. << The Java test suite contains over 200 tests and covers the fundamental and extended interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. interchangeably to designate an approach to specifications that suitability of specifications, Procurement cannot initiate or Unfortunately, we have no experience in this topic, and the requirements vary from one country/area to the other, so we are unable to help. Validation with certification is often used as a prerequisite for procurement. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. A profile is a subset of the overall specifications that includes all of the functionality necessary to satisfy the requirements of a particular community of users. 0000008556 00000 n Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: What are the types of specification in procurement? It will include: Finding examples on the internet is easy. conformity testing - conformity assessment by means of testing. and others may require laboratory tests. BRAND-NAME-OR-EQUAL SPECIFICATIONS: A It will be super helpful to build on that. An official website of the United States government. Performance purchasing is results orientated in terms John Spacey, May 01, 2017. If Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . Specifically, if buyers don't demand that a product be . (IUT) is the object that is being tested for conformance. definitions of non-standard terms. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. used to establish the QPL and indicate steps to be taken These assertions are statements of functionality or behavior derived from the standard, and which are true for conforming implementations. 0000003127 00000 n When the supplier has more technical or relevant skills than that of the buyer, When technology is constantly changing in the suppliers industries in which case it will be hard to specify methodologies, When there is a clear criteria for evaluating alternative solutions suggested by the suppliers competing for the contract. What is specification? Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines When BioPreferred and CPG are both required, the agency shall purchase the item that meets the CPG requirements (per FAR 23.405 Procedures (c) and Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, Section 9002 (b)). Define performance specification. all necessary drawings, dimensions, terms, and Factors that determine you to choose conformance specification. The conformance clause of a specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementations. Java and all Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries. @hA hbF`h`. bidders offering products other than specified obtain In fact, specification writing should begin very early on in a project lifecycle. A conformance testing program usually includes: A specification/standard that includes a conformance clause and a test tools are essential to defining and measuring conformance. Haytham Abdel-Rahman, MBA. 0000003930 00000 n When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. If the bid does not conform to the specification in all elements, it is not a bid at all; but a new proposition. Thus, quality of conformance equates to conformance to specifications within an acceptable tolerance range. Requirements Work that matches what was requested in requirements. It is a neutral mechanism to judge a product against the criteria of a standard or specification. specification is less interested in how a product is made, and There are two main approaches to handling implementation specific extensions to a standard. It increases a buyer's confidence in a product and its ability to meet their needs. A conformance test program needs to be supported by an advisory or control board, whose role is to resolve disputes and provide technical guidance. The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. this would be prohibitive. 0000007885 00000 n The test suites are available athttp://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html. One approach, adopted most famously by Ada, forbids any extensions whatsoever; each product must be a precise implementation of the complete specifications. 0000009860 00000 n requirements of the item being purchased. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) are addressing XML-related interoperability issues by jointly developing test suites that are intended to complement the W3C Recommendations. The specification must: Be set out in the relevant Procurement Documents clearly describe what is required detail the characteristics required not refer to the following: brands or trade names ANSI/BIFMA standards are go-to references when evaluating the safety and durability of furniture products during the specification and procurement process. The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. conformity assessment - any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant requirements are fulfilled. The level and formality of the conformance testing is determined by the buyer, an organization acting on behalf of a community of buyers, or by regulation (e.g., safety, health, national security concerns). It, in turn, refers to other parts of the specification for details. performance, quality or essential characteristics must be Falsification testing subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." Materials used must be This is usually in a conformance clause or conformance statement, but sometimes some of the criteria can be found in the body of the specification. products, others may simply require that brands be tested under 4. Purchasing will assist and advise you in 20899 USA, Email: lisa.carnahan [at] nist.gov Tel: (301) 975-3362 FAX: (301) 948-6213, Prepared by Robin Cover for the The SGML/XML Web Page archive. specifications, and ensuring clarity of language with jargon or CoC for importing consumer goods in the USA, Certification authorization vs. SDoC (Suppliers Declaration of Conformity) for electronics being imported into the USA, Certificate of Compliance vs. 0000006359 00000 n 0000008579 00000 n Reference method tests and PEMS drift tests are conducted to determine conformance of the PEMS with the specification. Some standards have subsequent documentation for the test methodology and assertions to be tested. Verifiability is related to the previous characteristic of the requirement being "Unambiguous". 0000007141 00000 n What steps lead conformance to specification? Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. 6 What makes a good specification in procurement? 5. There are two types of specifications, Design and Performance. Certain countries request a CoC for certain categories of imported products. BRAND-NAME SPECIFICATIONS: The A good conformance clause is the ultimate goal of these guidelines, and is sanctioned by conformance to this specification. These criteria and The suite may be a set of programs, a set of instructions for manual action, or another appropriate alternative. The validation process consists of the steps necessary to perform the conformance testing by using an official test suite in a prescribed manner. Furthermore, what is a conformance specification? Specifications can be prepared in a stream They often refer to particular documents, and/or particular information within them. On the other hand, the policy might be that a certificate is issued (or a claim of conformance is made) only if no errors are found. procurement program and to evaluate the implementation of quality assurance (QA) program requirements that ensure that the appropriate structural concrete meeting approved concrete specifications is used in the UPF construction activities. This early stage work also provides an understanding of the performance requirements of the project, so that when discussions develop on complexes, entities, space, locations, elements, systems and products, these form part of the build-up of a specification. The alternative is falsification testing, which subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." 0000066233 00000 n As a procurement professional . model numbers, or other designations that identify the specific The ECMAScript suite allows the user to select a category of tests from a drop down menu. qualified product list (QPL) is a specification based on 0000009297 00000 n A specification details the requirements of the procurement. requirements. Contact information for the individual maintaining records of test results: Provide the name, full mailing address, e-mail address, and telephone number of the person maintaining test records in support of the certification. Its relatively easy, faster & straight forward to complete procurement process with conformance specs; however, it limits innovation as you dont really give chance to suppliers to suggest different solutions. What makes a good specification in procurement? Using this set of TAs, a set of tests that will exercise each of the requirements is developed. Another issue it whether or not a certificate expires (e.g., good for 2 years or never expire). % Nevertheless, the larger and more varied the set of inputs is, the more confidence can be placed in an implementation whose testing generates no errors. The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. This free eBook shows importers who are new to outsourcing production to China or Vietnam the five key foundations of a proven Quality Assurance strategy, and also shows you some common traps that importers fall intoandhow to avoid or overcome them in order to get the best possible production results. Is this a requirement that comes from a particular type of user? for different products. Tip - The purchase specification is to allow purchasing to seek competitive quotations by forwarding the purchase specification to prospective suppliers. eliminates, items that are outside the boundaries drawn. And, in some cases, specific documents are required for certification or to show the end user/customer, that the product is safe.
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